The importance of international law to international traders Coursework

The significance of universal law to global dealers - Coursework Example Be that as it may, as of late the line existing among private and open universal law has been entirely flighty. Despite the fact that both these laws are associated, commonly in specific territories of exercises clashes and inconsistencies can ordinarily emerge. 1 International Law incorporates the essential, great ideas of law in national lawful frameworks - status, property, commitment, and tort (or delict). It likewise incorporates meaningful law, methodology, procedure and cures. Global Law is established in acknowledgment by the country states which comprise the framework. Worldwide law is an essential viewpoint in global exchanging and it is basically worried about cross outskirt exchanges. Since global merchants are profoundly exposed to worldwide exchange laws and arrangements, they work in great coordinated effort with legitimate experts and universal exchange specialists. 1 Cornell University of Law School. 2010. Universal Law. [ONLINE] Available at: http://points. law.corn ell .edu/wex/International _ law. [Accessed 18 February 11]. Lawful speculations and jurisprudential ideas in regard of global law The fundamental International legitimate framework is the way toward dissecting the pragmatic usefulness of the worldwide exchange capacities identified with universal approach, and the manner by which the universal law norms can expand the exchange efficiencies .It principally focuses more on the ease of use of laws by the international strategy producers instead of the lovely substance and presentation of it. Worldwide law, unmistakably clarifies the manner by which the universal lawful exchanges work and the manner by which the remote associations consolidate these law in their working framework. Universal law arrangements and methodologies controls exchange dealings and stays away from control and abuse in the worldwide business exercises. 2 For nearly thirty years global law has been separated from the remainder of the scholarly life by the necessit ies and interruptions of the two universal wars. As these early pioneers told the historical backdrop of their order , their ancestors, the great researchers who were ideologically part in to two armed forces , had handed universal law over to a front line. The genuine estimation of the global law strategies is that it gives numerous territories for the brokers and individuals to take a shot at exchange relations and exchanges. United Nations, being the advertiser of harmony, focus on the harmony and serenity in all the dealings happening on worldwide level. 3The principle point of the United Nations is the protection of world harmony. It is unequivocally accepted that expanded worldwide exchange, 2 .Pervis, N, 1991. Basic Legal Studies in Public International Law. Law Journal , 32/1, 81-89 3.J.W.T.Chan. 2007. Present day Law for Global Commerce. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.uncitral.org/pdf/english/congress/Chan.pdf. [Accessed 19 February 11]. Which conveys with it the expandi ng interdependency of countries just as more prominent and better cooperations between the individuals of the world is a solid contributing component to world harmony. Therefore the solid help by the United Nations to all activities that would expel impediments to world exchange, for example, activities to orchestrate or bind together the principles of worldwide tra

Short essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Short - Essay Example For an industry to prevail in a serious market, it should concentrate on two basic trainings, the general administration preparing and utilitarian preparing. The fundamental point of preparing is to offer agreeable administrations which reflect neighborly and warmth required in a profoundly serious market. Preparing additionally keeps up the picture of confidence and impact in the employees’ mind. According to my comprehension, in a business aeronautics, thorough preparing rouse the representatives by furnishing them with data on the desire for the business, abilities of taking care of travelers just as the guidelines that controls the activity in an industry. The second fundamental spark to my accomplishment in a serious business avionics is the formation of elite assistance conveyance group. A decent number of aeronautics administrations expect cooperation to require the conveyance of perfect administrations to clients. Strong collaboration in avionics industry as a rule enc ourages aptitudes and information sharing among colleagues. Then again, I am likewise propelled to work in a serious aeronautics industry by acknowledgment and reward for a crucial achieved. Adept prize framework shapes the key strategy for inspiration in an industry. ... Clarify. I am agreeable in working with understudies from various social, political, social, racial, and religion foundations. My past encounters have helped me in thinking of a few different ways of receiving with individuals from various setting. In my underlying phase of adapting to understudies from different foundation, I will make a cognizant choice planned for setting up substantial companionship. In building up a significant fellowship with individuals from various foundation, I will ensure that, I comprehend the social decent variety of individuals in my quality. Subsequent to distinguishing the current foundation, I will put myself in a circumstance which will encourage gatherings with understudies from various social settings. Going to gatherings, festivities just as searching for other creative methods for meeting understudies from various foundation will help me in connecting with numerous understudies from various social foundation. I will at that point distinguish the biasness and confusions identifying with various social foundation. To encourage welcoming relationship with individuals from various social foundations, the comprehension of social falsehood is incredibly pivotal. The comprehension of different student’s social confusion will help me in posing important inquiry concerning their perspectives, customs, and culture. To get a profound comprehension on social foundation of various understudies, looking into of their way of life and history writing is likewise essential. Then again, to adapt well to individuals from various social foundation, it is essential to tune in to others history, show a feeling of mindful, comprehend diverse correspondence esteems and styles, commit a danger of making errors just as

Is my application complete COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Is my application complete COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog It is that time of year again when we receive calls and emails regarding application status with the same one liner, “is my application complete?” Here are some few easy steps to check your application status (after you have submitted) that will ease your stress and give you peace of mind while you wait for the ‘decision’. We will use Maggie Pittmans application as a reference â€" No worries, it’s a fabricated application that we created for this blog post. Step 1: Breathe. Now, let’s begin. Step 2: Log into your application.   Already removed the link from your bookmarks, no worries, click here.   The link will take you to this page (see below). Step 3:  Access your application status page.   Select Log in under Returning users and enter your application log in information. You will be directed to the page below. Click Fall 2014 and then click “open application” in the pop up window. Step 4: Check Application Status. You will be automatically directed to the “Application Status” page, which will indicate if any document(s) are missing. Our example below shows that there are recommendation letters missing (as indicated by the red x marks).   If the application is complete the v marks will be green: EXAMPLE 1: INCOMPLETE APPLICATION If you have missing documents, please submit as soon as possible. We will accept letters of recommendation and self-reported GRE/GMAT scores past the deadline, within reason, so that your application can be completed and forwarded to the Committee for review. However, we cannot guarantee materials received after the February 5th deadline will be reviewed.   If a recommendation letter is missing, it is usually fine and should not impact the decision if it is received a little later. EXAMPLE 2: COMPLETE APPLICATION If you do not have missing documents, take a deep breath and smile your application is complete and is being reviewed by the Admissions Committee as we speak. Step 5: Once your application is complete…do the happy dance!

Essay on John Locke vs Thomas Hobbes - 509 Words

Locke versus Hobbes Locke and Hobbes were both social contract theorists, and both natural law theorists, but there the resemblance ends. All other natural law theorists assumed that man was by nature a social animal. Hobbes assumed otherwise, thus his conclusions are strikingly different from those of other natural law theorists. What would life and human relations be like in the absence of government? Thomas Hobbes was the first to attempt to illustrate this condition using an intellectual device- a thought experiment, known as the State of Nature. For Hobbes, the state of nature was not an actual period in history, but rather a way of rationalizing how people would act in their most basic state. He believed that everything in†¦show more content†¦Hobbes further believed that an individuals appetite constantly kept him or her in motion, and that in order to remain in motion, everyone needs a certain degree of power. Thus the pursuit of power is the natural state of humans. Hobbes then says th at nature ahs made men basically equal. He also says that people were constantly in a struggle for power and above all else, they wanted to avoid a violent death. In the state of nature, people were always at war with one another, a war of all against all. Every person had the right to do anything they pleased. Hobbes thought that this would go on until people discovered that they could prevent their demise by avoiding doing things that would purposely endanger their lives. Hobbes also thought that an authoritarian government would come to power in order to enforce the social contract by whatever means necessary. He called this Leviathan. Individuals exchanged their rights in return for peace, security, and protection from one another. John Locke embraced many of the ideas presented by Hobbes in his theories on the state of nature and the rise of government. They differed however, in that Locke believed that God was the prime factor in politics. He believed that individuals were bor n with certain rights given not by government or society, but by God. This he said, is what gives all people equality. Locke said in the stateShow MoreRelatedMonarchy Vs. Democracy By Thomas Hobbes And John Locke1655 Words   |  7 Pages Monarchy vs Democracy Through assessing both monarchy and democracy from both perspectives of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, one can see that democracy creates the most beneficial outcome. Hobbes had a pessimistic view of people. He believed humans were selfish, doing anything to further their own position in life. Hobbes believed in an absolute monarchy, a government that gave all the power to a king or queen. Even though he distrusted democracy, he believed that a diverse group of representativesRead MoreTwo Sided Coin: Thomas Hobbes vs. John Locke Essay905 Words   |  4 Pages Two-sided coin: Thomas Hobbes vs. John Locke There are always two-sides everything including people and the government, kind of like science vs. faith view. With Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, they give the impression to be on opposite sides when it comes to people, society and the government even and yet both were Englishmen. Hobbes was born 5 April 1588 and died 4 December 1679; he is best known today for his work on political philosophy. While John Locke was 29 August 1632 and died 28 OctoberRead MoreImpact Of Thomas Hobbes During The Age Of Absolutism1009 Words   |  5 PagesThomas Hobbes During the Age of Absolutism The Age of Absolutism was a time during the 16th to 19th centuries where many political, religious and colonial conflicts were rising. Some philosophers began to analyze the ideas of their civilizations in depth toward the end of this time period as it led into the Age of Enlightenment. One of these philosophers was Thomas Hobbes. He had quite a few accomplishments during his lifetime including writing many books and supporting the popular belief thatRead MoreHobbes Vs. Marx On Government s First Duty1038 Words   |  5 PagesHurless Mrs. Sauter World History – Block G 15 December 2014 Topic #1 – Hobbes vs. Locke vs. Marx â€Å"Government’s first duty is to protect the people, not run their lives,† said Ronald Reagan. Some political philosophies like John Locke would agree to this statement, while other, like Thomas Hobbes would not, and some will both agree and disagree, like Karl Marx. 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The philosophies of John Locke and Thomas Hobbes influenced Madison in a way that allowed him to have both liberty and order at the same time. John Locke believed in individual liberty and freedom from the government whilst Thomas Hobbes believed that the state of nature is that people are born selfish. These two philosophers managed to influence Madison because Madison wantedRead MoreEmpiricism Is The Theory That Experience1202 Wor ds   |  5 Pagesand how a government should be ran: politics should be about making citizens more virtuous vs politics should be about the â€Å"basics† like security and property rights. Throughout this paper, I will be analyzing these two different outlooks on politics and presenting a case for both. Thomas Hobbes believed that the government should essentially limit itself to the protection of property and persons. Hobbes thought that power derived from the office, not from the people. Things like virtue, socialRead MoreThe Relationship Between Humanity And The Divine1423 Words   |  6 Pagesfor us. The final question- Are humans above or a part of nature? John Locke and Thomas Hobbes fought over this very idea whenever it came to man being nature or being above nature. Like Aristotle, John Locke believed that man was a social animal. To quote Aristotle’s writings, â€Å"man is by nature a political animal, and a man that is by nature and not merely by fortune citiless is either low in the scale of humanity or above it†. Hobbes however believed that, man is not by nature a social animal, andRead MoreHobbes, Locke, Rousseau, and Machiavelli Essay1855 Words   |  8 PagesHobbes, Locke, Rousseau, and Machiavelli The thirteenth through the eighteenth century brought profound changes in the political realm of Western civilization. Beginning with the Scientific Revolution and only advancing during the Renaissance, secularization and skepticism lead to changes in not only the intellectual life of Westerners, but also to their politics. At the forefront of the political debate were well-versed men such as Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau. The influencesRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke s Leviathan And Second Treatise Of Government1852 Words   |  8 PagesHobbes vs. Locke This paper will compare and contrast the beliefs of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke expressed in Leviathan and Second Treatise of Government. The paper will show the basic differences between the two philosophers views, is Hobbes distrust of the people and Locke s relatively greater trust of the people and distrust of the government s power and the likelihood of the abuse of that power. Hobbes view in Leviathan aims at ensuring civil order, which means for him the absolute power

The Pitfall of Developmental Psychology Essay Topics

The Pitfall of Developmental Psychology Essay Topics Lies You've Been Told About Developmental Psychology Essay Topics When you are finished with the majority of your research you should make an outline. Only as soon as you have a very first draft done you can fret about proofreading and editing to get rid of any mistakes which may have slipped through your fingers. The title of your assignment automatically determines the research you are going to have to do to be able to be in a position to compose the paper. Additionally, you can observe unique topics for your research paper on the site! On-line learning isn't for everybody, for it to be successful for you, it has to be comfortable and what you would like to do. You will need to read a great deal when doing research for your academic essay, and it is going to take a lot of time and energy. You understand the fundamental approach for picking a fantastic topic, but nothing is apparently catching your interest. Chancing upo n a topic for your study can be tough, but there are lots of great approaches to think of intriguing ideas. Developmental Psychology Essay Topics at a Glance If you're going to compose a psychology paper, the very first thing you should do is pick a great topic. The second aim of the list of social psychology research topics is associated with the first since it helps readers that are already interested in a topic find new topics that might be of interest. Make certain there are enough online sources on this issue you've chosen. The key to selecting a great topic for your psychology paper is quite straightforward. Get the Scoop on Developmental Psychology Essay Topics Before You're Too Late Second, those who are afflicted by psychological disorders don't have the capacity to control their thoughts, behaviors and feelings, adequately. Individuals who smile because of cultivating positive thoughts can significantly and immediately enhance their mood. Cognitive psychology tackl es the various mental processes happening in somebody's mind. One of the best contributing elements to overall happiness in life is the way much gratitude we show. Go on reading to discover quite a few topics that you're able to consider. For many people, however, it's going to be hugely beneficial to sit down and structure the essay before starting writing. The third reason you must cover essay is that you can't get in the study work the resources by which the writers can. As an example, let's imagine if you are now referring to language history essay than you possibly might have to to incorporate each one of the information concerning the history language on earth aside from any specific area while in certain language history essay, you are going to speak about reputation for the language of a certain place. The 30-Second Trick for Developmental Psychology Essay Topics Before you start, learn more about the way to run a psychology experiment. The large part of the psycholo gy sub-fields are very broad, making researching on it extremely problematic. General psychology is an extensive sphere of wisdom and the writer has an amazing chance to choose among the truly amazing range of ideas. If you're a student of psychology, you'd be asked to pick a specific topic for the last research paper. Psychology is a rather broad and diverse area of study, and it is possible to find a wide variety of lists of potential topics for psychology essay papers online. Before you sit to compose a psychology essay, you should be sure you read the question thoroughly and understood what's required of you. Psychology essays usually begin with the abstract. You will learn how to compose a superb psychology essay with minimal work. Hence, you've finally sat down seriously to compose your essay that is nearly certainly due soon. Anyway, proofreading is insufficient for a psychology essay. Developmental Psychology Essay Topics Options You're able to explore an extremely wide scope of topics like language acquisition, attachment theories, or critical amounts of development. You can concentrate on the effects of the subsequent topics on the nature and development of a young child, adult or elderly. Development psychology is centered on the lifespan of human beings, so you've got numerous topics to pick from. Behaviorism or human behavior psychology doesn't account for more kinds of learning, specifically learning that occurs lacking using reinforcements. The essay is simply a three component competition on the subject of peaceful civic action and peacemaking that's global. Composing such a paper isn't such a draconic task because you might think. Locating a solid topic is just one of the most crucial steps when writing any form of paper. Psychology today has a lot of important domains of applications. What You Must Know About Developmental Psychology Essay Topics Psychology research paper is a typical assignment and source of several sleepless nights at college. AP Psychology exam questions usually incorporate the exact same type of structure. Developmental Psychology has many regions of study. Students want to determine which psychology branch they'd love to concentrate on and it's very simple for them to lose their bearings in such a diverse atmosphere. A History of Developmental Psychology Essay Topics Refuted Undoubtedly, during your hunt you are looking for the very best essay writing company, where you're in a position to order splendidly written materials. You might feel flat or empty. The outline is a good place to continue to keep your thoughts organized. Often times you'll be able to come across a few actions which might be thought as in a position to make essa ys and essay subjects that may secure the greater grade. You might have to structure your essay at the start and generate a review of the substantial body of conversation. The thesis statement is only a summary related to argument you will make. To get started writing your assignment you would want to run into an interesting and promising topic.

Robert Altman’s Subliminal Reality Free Essays

Robert Altman’s Subliminal Reality is written by Robert T. Self, an English professor at Northern Illinois. Self gives the most extensive evaluation of Altman’s work and its value to the industry and the American culture. We will write a custom essay sample on Robert Altman’s Subliminal Reality or any similar topic only for you Order Now In Subliminal Reality, Self talks about Altman’s unconventional approach to cinema and its effect on the subconscious mind of the viewer as the title suggests. This paper will review the book in three main aspects: 1. How Altman’s work challenges conventional Hollywood genres 2. How Altman portrays his main characters as feeble and confined by their gender roles 3. How the entertainment industry chooses to alienate itself culturally. Self took into consideration twenty one feature films by Altman from 1968 to 2000. His main focus is on the characters, the story form, and the social subject. He writes in the introduction: â€Å"In this volume I examine Altman’s films in terms of three particular aspects of art-cinema narration: its interrogation of classical Hollywood storytelling and popular genres, its representation of debilitated and ineffectual social individuality, and its reflexive analysis of the entertainment industry as complicit in cultural alienation† (Self viii para 1) Self does not seek to describe Altman as a cinematic auteur but how his work helped in the emergence of cinematic-art in America. He explains how Altman introduced modernist story telling and took on socially fragmented subjects. The does not give a chronological account of the films but divides them into three parts. The first part of the book is named Narrative Formations. This part includes the analysis of Kensa City, MASH, 3 Women, and Romance and Adventure (Self, Robert Altman). Here Self tries to answer why the populaar audience remain indifferent to his work. According to him, the American audience is used to seeing satifying and cliched endings and so they dismiss Altmans work as dissatisfying and insignificant (Self, Robert Altman). Then he talks about his role in introducing new American cinema in the sixties and seventies. He argues that Altman’s films posses all the features of new cinema like in MASH, Altmans uses the fragmented sound intead of the then popular classical style. Other features include the the contradictory opinions in the same story, the incoherent mentality of the characters and their self destruction, large casts, multiple stories etc. His movies provide a realistic experience rather than a fantasy, like the most Hollywood films. Unlike the conventional Hollywood cast, Altman main characters are often phisically unattractive like Shelley Duvall, exhausted like McCabe (Self, Robert Altman), and lack sensual appeal . These characterictics of his movies make it easier for the general public to relate to. Self argues that Altman often manipulates genres, romanc in particular. For this he gives examples of A perfect couple to redicule the cliche that ‘opposite attracts’ and A Wedding to expose the lie about the cliche ‘happily ever after’ (Self, Robert Altman). The second part of he book is names â€Å"Identities in Patriarchy†. This part deals with the films that concerned with men and women seperately. Altman often portrays the weakness in men and insults their authority. Self gives the examples of Secret honor and The gingerbread (Self, Robert Altman). Both these movies show the faults in popular male figures. When dealing with women, self takes into consideration That cold day, Images, 3 women, Come back to the five and dime, Jimmy Dean, Jimmy Dean, Kansas city and Cookie’s fortune (Self, Robert Altman). According to Self, Altman reveals the concerns and shortcomings of women. He writes: Inasmuch as these open narratives actualize the female voice within a male discourse, it is possible to read them as further examples of the effort of Hollywood cinema to effect an authority over women. It is also possible to read these Altman films as inversions of the hostility toward woman† (Self [web]). Self explains in detail ho w the characters in Altman’s films are socially restricted and expected to act according to their gender roles. In the last part, Putting on the Show, Self talks about how Altman’s films reflect cinematic culture. In this part he gives exaples of Nashville, The Player and Buffalo Bil (Self, Robert Altman). He discusses the subliminal reality that not only includes the film makers and the popular audience, and claims that the makers alter patriotism for profit. He sees Altman as a liberal man. Altman provides an intellectual which limits his audience becaus social criticism is something which not popular among the audience. Self talks about subliminal reality in Pret a porter in a different chapter. He appriciates the film and complains that it was not taken seriously and neglected. Self praises the framing and filming. He defines them as â€Å"the most vibrant and energetic and assertive images in all of Altman’s work† (Self). He ends the book with the chapter World elsewhere . He analyzes the film short cuts and Altman’s composition of many other short stories by Raymond Carver. He talks about how Altman communicates more with the effects he adds to the story than by explanation (Self, Robert Altman). Robert Altman’s subliminal reality gives many details about the work done by a great American film director, Robert Altman, and contains valuable information on classical and American art cinema. It comprehensively covers the history of cinema, its developement, and Altman’s contributions to it. How to cite Robert Altman’s Subliminal Reality, Papers

Aberdeen Maritime Museum Essay Example

Aberdeen Maritime Museum Essay The purpose of this report is to provide a critical analysis of the existing communications strategy at Aberdeen Maritime Museum, and recommend future promotional activity. This will be done through an investigation of the museums target market, the current communications strategy used, a possible future communication strategy and ways to evaluate it. Conclusions will then be drawn. The Information needed for this report was gathered from textbooks, journals, the Internet and an interview with John Edwards, Aberdeen Maritime Museums Keeper of Science and Maritime History which took place on Monday 4th November. Museum Background Aberdeen Maritime Museum has been part of the citys heritage for numerous years. Prior to 1984 it was situated in a basement room of Cowdray Hall before it moved to Provost Ross House. 1998 saw the opening of a  £4million extension to the museum in its own purposely built building, (a converted church and empty plot next to Provost Ross House) making the museum five times its previous size. We will write a custom essay sample on Aberdeen Maritime Museum specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Aberdeen Maritime Museum specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Aberdeen Maritime Museum specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Today the museum is a very popular attraction within the city with 81,460 visitors last year (Evening Express, 14 March 2002). The museum has been ranked 24th out of 360 museums in Scotland. (www.scottishmuseums.org.uk). The museum has also won a five star award from Scottish Tourist Board. This is awarded to establishments who are exceptional. Target Market Segmentation is The division of the market into customer subsets, one or more of which becomes the target market, each with a distinct marketing mix (Turnbull, 2002). Therefore, target marketing is the process whereby specific segments are selected and marketing plans are developed to satisfy the needs of the potential buyers in the chosen segment (Fill, 2002) The museum targets local people as it contains local history. (90% of the objects inside the museum have been donated by local people (Edwards, 2002)) Segmenting people by this method is called geographic segmentation as the target market is in a specific area. School children and 16-24 year olds are the museums main audiences. The main reason for this is due to the large number of educational visits. Segmenting by age is known as demographics. Demographics can be defined as dividing the market into groups based upon demographic variables such as age, gender, occupation, education, religion, race and nationality. (Kother and Armstrong, 2001) Therefore the museums main target market (school children and 16-24 year olds in the Aberdeen area) is segmented by geo-demographics (a combination of geographic and demographic segmentation) Business tourism is also a fast growing market, with an increase in conference and exhibitions. The Maritime Museum offers conference facilities that are growing in popularity. This could be because its classed as an unusual venue. Previous users of the conference facilities have included Grampian Police and major oil and computer companies. This market could be segmented on the basis of demographics the museum is targeting professionals looking for a venue to hold their conference. The museum also has customers who visit the museum to use the shop and the cafe facilities. This group of visitors would be segmented and targeted based on their behaviour traits. Overseas visitors to the city are not specifically targeted. Most visitors knowledgeable about the museum find out information via the Visit Scotland. The Maritime Museums target market of local people could be broken down into more specific segments such as schoolchildren, 16 24 year olds and professionals looking for conference facilities. Other segments such as retired people and families could also be considered. Current Communication Strategy Marketing communication is a management process through which an organisation enters into a dialogue with its various audiences (Fill, 2002). The main communication methods used to achieve communication are advertising, direct marketing, sales promotion, exhibitions, packaging/design, personal selling, sponsorship, merchandising/point of sale, corporate identity, public relations and word of mouth. Advertising Advertising can be defined as any paid form of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods or services. (Kotler and Armstrong, 2001) With an advertising budget of  £10,000 per year, the museum can not afford any large-scale advertising activity. Currently the museum advertises locally through a leaflet produced by Aberdeen Art Gallery and Museums called the Diary. The leaflet highlights exhibitions and whats going on in the Art Gallery, Provost Skene House and the Maritime Museum. (Appendix 1.) The Diary could be described as an arts marketing consortia a regular forum for joint marketing (Freeman 1997) The benefits of this include reduced advertising costs, and reaching people who are unaware of the museum. The museum produces its own leaflet, but it is unavailable outside the museum. This is because it is primarily used for orientation around the museum. The museum also invests in advertising in a leaflet called North-East Scotlands Coastal Trail. (Appendix 2) There are over 200,000 leaflets produced, so it reaches a large number of people at a relatively low cost. (Edwards 2002) The small marketing budget means that the museum can not afford to have regular adverts in the local press. However, they are considering advertising in either the Press and Journal or the Evening Express each week in the same space to that people will become aware of the advert, then visit the museum. The only form of outdoor advertising that the museum partakes in is a banner outside the museum. Another form of advertising is through the Maritime Museums web page (www.aagm.co.uk), this is known as interactive advertising. Significant investment into Visit Scotland (www.visitscotland.com) is also made. In doing this the museum a reach a world-wide audience. Direct Marketing Kotler and Armstrong (2001) define direct marketing as a direct communication with carefully targeted individual consumers to obtain an immediate response and cultivate lasting customer relationships. The Friends of Aberdeen Art Gallery and Museums could be described as direct marketing. As well as providing funds to the AAGM, members receive invitations to functions and exhibition openings, mailings of information, and discount on selected items from the shops. (Appendix 3) Sales Promotion Sales promotion seeks to offer buyers additional value as an inducement to generate an immediate sale. (Fill, 2002) As the Maritime Museum offers a free service, sales promotion is not used. However, in 1998 until 2000, the museum introduced entry charges. Consequently, the number of visitors dropped by 75% (Edwards, 2002), so were therefore abolished. Sales promotion could have been used during this period, for example a family of four could have paid entry fees for two adults and the children got in free. Packaging/Design Packaging and design is concerned with the designing and producing the container or wrapper for a product. (Kotler and Armstrong, 2001) This communication method does not play apart in the museums strategy as they offer a service. Personal Selling Personal selling is a form of marketing communication that involves a face-to-face dialogue between two persons or by one person and a group. (Fill, 2002). Again this method does not play a part in the museums communication strategy. Sponsorship Fill (2002) defines sponsorship as a commercial activity whereby one party permits another an opportunity to exploit an association with a target audience in return for funds, services or resources. The museum does not sponsor anything it does however hold Techfest and activity weekends during the summer holidays for children (their target audience). Benefits of doing this include increased visitor numbers and increased awareness of the museum.. Merchandising/Point of Sale Merchandising is done at the museums shop, which sells goods such as pens, pencils and stickers that all contain the museums name Corporate Identity Corporate identity is simply the awareness, perception and attitudes held by an organisations various stakeholders (Fill, 2002) The museum finds out about its image by survey sheets which they have had for the last four years, and also by notes left in the visitor books which are placed throughout the museum. The museum is also conscious that the average shopper is not aware of the museum, but to find out exact figures, they would need to carry out expensive market research done by experts. Public Relations / Publicity In the March 1997 edition of the Museum Journal, Sarah Freeman stated during this time of cutbacks, aggressive political manoeuvres and market saturation, museums have started looking for allies to help them reach out to the public and convince audiences that are vital and worthwhile. The best way for museums to do this is through public relations. Public relations (PR) is about building up good relations with the companys various publics by obtaining favourable publicity (Kotler and Armstrong, 2001) Whenever a new exhibition is introduced into the Maritime Museum, a press release is sent to the local newspapers, which will then possibly run an editorial on it. This benefits the museum as it costs nothing but will also increase visitor numbers, raise support, influence people, establish a professional reputation and target audiences that are hard to reach (Freeman 1997) PR also has its downfalls. Main stories may only make it to newspapers and TV (local, regional or national) if there has been a disaster, a visit from a famous person, or a wacky or topical story. If there is important news on the same day as the museums editorial, the museum story is likely to be dropped, so it is very vulnerable. (Freeman 1997)

Important Tips and Guides for Students When Writing Academic Papers

Important Tips and Guides for Students When Writing Academic Papers Several academic papers exist, such as reflection, descriptive, persuasive, narrative, analysis, argumentative, and expository essays, among others. Process analysis is one of the most common types worth noting. This type of paper is common among the students taking technical subjects because they are tasked with explaining the specific process. It describes how something takes place, and as a result, the student must chronologically reflect this. In the process, you need to define the words that may be unknown to your reader. So, when choosing good process analysis essay topics, consider ideas that are fascinating to complete the paper. In many cases, our writers work full time to help students excel. As usual, a process essay must have an introduction, body, and conclusion. So, it has a normal structure characteristic of any paper. When writing, you must look for topics for process analysis essay, that is interesting to you and the one you can handle easily. In your first paragraph, you need to include an introduction and ensure to write about the actual process. Also, you must prove that it is a sensible worth discussion. In the part of the body, the paragraphs are written while reflecting the range of instruments akin to the process. Also, be sure to discuss any resource that is important in the completion process. Lastly, an outline will present the exact intended process. This is often done sequentially. Importantly, the format should be simple and easy to comprehend. This way, you will be sure to improve your skills. Take a look at some of our easy process analysis essay topics that you can often choose from. Most of them will give you a tip when you are faced with a question requiring sequence. How Jews pray; How to cook fish; How to handle a drug addict; How to install spy application; How to recycle polythene bags; How gambling firms benefit from playing mind games; How digestion takes place in the body; How to survive the first year in college; How to identify a psychopath; How to protect indigenous animals. There are several other topics that you can often get from us. We can write a customized one to fit your question. For this reason, we urge you to join us today so that you can benefit from our service, majorly improving your grades. Tackling Interesting Process Analysis Essay Topics: Why Student Seek Help Besides explaining how to tackle this kind of papers, this portion will seek to explain why students may opt for the assistance online for their essays. First of all, on how to handle these assignments, you must be aware of the question at hand before starting. However, you don’t need to do these papers alone. We are here to help having noted that students often have a problem handling essays of this kind. To get the best process analysis essay topics, you need to join us so that we can help you write your papers proficiently. Your quality of writing may be low, and this has caused you significant losses in terms of grade. You sadly watch your scores dwindle because you have little expertise. Well, this is the reason why we want to help you. We have numerous college process analysis essay topics you can often choose from. Also, our writers can customize one for you to suit the question that the professor gave you. In an instance, when you lack time attending social events, such as attending rugby matches, we come in handy to alleviate that dilemma. We will write your process analysis paper at an affordable price while you will be enjoying your moments away from classroom matters. After completion, you will get an email notifying you of completion, and then you be able to log into your account and download it. Another reason is related to task difficulty. You may have tried as much as possible to answer the question at hand, yet you can’t manage to understand the question, and even write a proper essay. You don’t have to worry, noting that we have numerous experts who are highly qualified in handling assignments of different complexities. Thus, we will assign the best writer for your paper. Where to Get the Process Analysis Essay Topics for College Students If your professor gives you freedom of finding of choosing your process paper, do not hesitate to create one that you comprehend perfectly. This idea will save you from searching for too much information. You can get some good topics for an process analysis essay from our website – ones you may feel easy to handle. The hassle of looking for information may be daunting. If you still not sure or you have questions left, and you are now wondering about where to find someone who can help you write the paper, then do not waste time from reaching us. We will be glad to help you write your paper at an affordable rate. Importantly, we will assign the best writer to script depending on the question. Those who often use online services have already improved their grades, so don’t be left out. Seize this opportunity and improve your grades today. We boast of many years of in helping students achieve better grades by writing their essays, and even offering guides, such as topics to write an process analysis essay on. Some of the attributes you will encounter from our service include timely delivery, plagiarism free papers, customized content, unlimited revisions, and privacy. Our customer service will be happy to assist you so that we can help you write your paper that may be disturbing your mind, and that we are here to find an amicable solution for your woes. 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Intruder to Queen Elizabeths Bedroom

Intruder to Queen Elizabeths Bedroom Early on Friday morning, July 9, 1982, Queen Elizabeth II woke to find a strange, bleeding man sitting at the end of her bed. As scary as the situation must have been, she handled it with royal aplomb. A Strange Man at the End of the Queens Bed When Queen Elizabeth II woke up on the morning of July 9, 1982, she saw that a strange man was sitting on her bed. The man, dressed in jeans and a dirty T-shirt, was cradling a broken ashtray and dripping blood onto the royal linens from a lacerated hand. The Queen kept calm and picked up the phone from her bedside table. She asked the operator at the palace switchboard to summon the police. Though the operator did pass the message to the police, the police didnt respond. Some reports say the intruder, 31-year-old Michael Fagan, had planned to commit suicide in the Queens bedroom but decided it wasnt a nice thing to do once he was there. He wanted to talk about love but the Queen changed the subject to family matters. Fagans mother later said, He thinks so much of the Queen. I can imagine him just wanting to simply talk and say hello and discuss his problems. Fagan thought it a coincidence that he and the Queen both had four children. The Queen attempted to summon a chambermaid by pressing a button, but no one came. The Queen and Fagan continued to talk. When Fagan asked for a cigarette, the Queen again called the palace switchboard. Still, no one responded. After the Queen had spent ten minutes with the mentally disturbed, bleeding intruder, a chambermaid entered the Queens quarters and exclaimed, Bloody hell, maam! Whats he doing in there? The chambermaid then ran out and woke up a footman who then seized the intruder. The police arrived twelve minutes after the Queens first call. How Did He Get into the Queens Bedroom? This wasnt the first time that protection of the royal monarch had been found lacking, but it had supposedly been increased since the 1981 attack on the Queen (a man fired six blanks at her during the Trooping the Color ceremony). Yet Michael Fagan basically walked into Buckingham Palace - twice. Only a month before, Fagan had stolen a $6 bottle of wine from the palace. Around 6 a.m., Fagan climbed the 14-foot-high wall - topped with spikes and barbed wire - on the southeast side of the palace. Though an off-duty policeman saw Fagan climbing the wall, by the time he had alerted palace guards, Fagan could not be found. Fagan then walked along the south side of the palace and then along the west side. There, he found an open window and climbed in. Fagan had entered a room housing King George Vs $20 million stamp collection. Since the door to the interior of the palace was locked, Fagan went back outside through the window. An alarm had been set off both as Fagan entered and exited the Stamp Room through the window, but the policeman at the police sub-station (on palace grounds) assumed the alarm was malfunctioning and turned it off - twice. Fagan then went back as he had come, along with the west side of the palace, and then continuing along the south side (past his point of entry), and then along the east side. Here, he climbed up a drainpipe, pulled back some wire (meant to keep pigeons away) and climbed into Vice Admiral Sir Peter Ashmores office (the man responsible for the Queens security). Fagan then walked down the hallway, looking at paintings and into rooms. Along his way, he picked up a glass ashtray and broke it, cutting his hand. He passed a palace housekeeper who said good morning and only a few minutes later he walked into the Queens bedroom. Normally, an armed policeman stands guard outside the Queens door at night. When his shift is over at 6 a.m., he is replaced with an unarmed footman. At this particular time, the footman was out walking the Queens corgis (dogs). When the public learned of this incident, they were outraged at the lapse of security around their Queen. Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher personally apologized to the Queen and measures were immediately taken to strengthen palace security. Sources Davidson, Spencer. God Save the Queen, Fast. TIME 120.4 (July 26, 1982): 33. Rogal, Kim and Ronald Henkoff. Intruder at the Palace. Newsweek July 26, 1982: 38-39.

Prediction of stall on an aircraft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Prediction of stall on an aircraft - Essay Example Stall speeds change with angle of bank, configuration and any changes in gross weight. Furthermore, an aircraft will stall at a higher speed with flaps retracted than with them extended. The phenomenon of stall is shown in the figure below:- Stall occur due to a number of reasons and can thus be divided into a number of types1 like power off stalls (also called approach-to-landing stalls, practiced by pilots to simulate normal approach-to-landing conditions and configuration), Power-on stalls (also known as departure stalls, practiced by pilots to simulate takeoff and climb-out conditions) and Accelerated stalls (experienced at higher-than normal airspeeds due to applying abrupt or excessive controls to aircraft and may occur in steep turns, pullups or other abrupt changes in your flight path.). Many aircraft in Flight Sim use a stall indicator to alert you when the airflow over the wing(s) approaches a point that lift cannot be sustained. The stall indicator is part of aircraft for a reason so no one should ignore it. Setup a numerical optimization procedure that can be useful to the aerodynamicist in the rapid design and development of high-lift system configurations and that can also provide derivative information regarding the influence of various design parameters (gap, overlap, slat and flap deflection angles, etc.) on the performance of the system. The variables that describe the relative element positioning can be used as design variables. These variables include flap and slat deflection angles, gaps, overlap, shapes of each of the elements and many more depending on method used2. Like in Continuous Adjoint Method, variables are flow-field variables and the physical location of the boundary. Then the governing equation which expresses the dependence of these variables can be written in flow field domain in form of partial differential equations. After introducing a Lagrange Multiplier and solving adjoint equations and applying boundary

USGS Bird Population Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

USGS Bird Population - Assignment Example and specialists species characteristics to determine where the Double Crested Cormorant, Great Blue Herron, Wood Stock and the American Robin belong (Mobley 12). This specie of bird is a specialist. The Double Crested Cormorant is mostly distributed along the coastal regions and water bodies like the Gulf, Pacific and the Atlantic coasts in Canada and the United States which are densely populated due to the economic activities that are carried out in these regions (Sauer 2). It is also found along the Great Lakes and Mississippi valley. Their breeding nests are usually built on top of very tall trees in areas with bodies of water; therefore, they thrive best in wetland biomes. They change their niche according to the precipitation available at a particular time mostly preferring regions with high precipitation. The Double Crested Cormorant is very specific with its diet. It mainly eats fish and this is the reason why it prefers areas near water bodies. They mostly thrive in the riparian habitats. They are widely spread in water body regions but more uniformly distributed in regions that have water masses. Their diet which mainly consists of fish gives evidence that they are specialists and not generalists (Mobley 12). This specie of birds is generalists. This is because of their wide range of distribution. Although they are mainly distributed along northern America, Mexico and southern Canada, they are more common throughout the United States apart from regions that are woody (Sauer 2). They prefer the summer as opposed to winter seasons and this is why they are mostly found in Minnesota during summer. They are found in both coniferous and deciduous forests. They can also be seen in swampy areas or areas near water bodies. In addition, they can thrive in tree habitats that are either dead or alive and also found in densely populated areas. This means that they can survive in any environmental niche be it forested, savannah or wetlands. Another major reason why

Criminal Technology Past To Future Criminology Essay

Criminal Technology Past To Future Criminology Essay Technology continues to change at a rapid pace after one type of technology is released another usually follows suit to compliment the first or to replace it. The same is true with policing styles as the eras changed the technology changed and shaped how officers handle situations. With so much technology out there it makes you wonder what could possibly be left. The truth is technology will never cease to change, just as policing styles will have to change to adapt. INTRODUCTION Over the years and through several eras policing has changed, along with the change of policing styles came the formation and implementation of technology that helped them along the way. From the political era to the more modern day community policing era was found recently to be lacking in products that were already being marketed. By the time we caught up we realized a little to late that these items we use now could have been in place and were available 30 to 40 years earlier. How did we first start with technology, when did we finally catch up and what are our best advances so far and what yet do we see coming ? I will explore this in the paper as we take shortcuts through past eras; their technological uses and advance through each era to post modern day technology, the benefits these contribute and what they got under wraps for our next step into technological advances in policing. Eras Policing, as we know it today has developed from various political, economic, and social forces. To better understand the role of police in society, one has to know the history of how policing became what it is today.    Policing has been categorized into three basic eras, which include the Political Era, Reform Era, and lastly the Community Problem-Solving Era that is the present form of policing. Political Era Policing style was quasi military consisting of a decentralized command structure resulting in control over precincts by ward leaders. An assigned officer was always closely tied to the neighborhood, slowness of communications and transportation limited officers contact with central command. Citizens were able to bring complaints to the officers that could be dealt with it on the spot as officers patrolled on foot. Based on their discretion these officers dealt with problem in accordance of the values and norms of the neighborhood of which they were in. During this time most officers came armed with the technology of a gun and a nightstick. Today these are still the first weapons of choice when called upon to use force. Telegraphs and telephones as well as police call boxes were the new jump in communications technology during this era. While the start of investigations with the Bertillon system for criminal Identification and fingerprinting crime scenes also became used. Reform Era The Reform Era brought about concerns of political influencing on policing. People worked to eliminate the involvement of politics to making policing more professional. With these changes more advances in technology were also implemented. Transportation and communication put police where they could receive calls from a central location and dispatch officers as well to respond more quickly over a widespread location. Police started decreasing the public aid to focus on combating crime. Police were hired based on qualifications not affiliations, the reform wanted police with detachment and a greater commitment to training. Reform policing had three key operational parts; foot patrol was replaced by cars equipped with the two-way radios as cars were being used to commit crimes. The availability of cars also meant more ground could be covered. Motorized police patrol was becoming a method of crime control. Rapid Response was important in three ways the first was you have a better chance at catching a criminal if you can reach the scene quickly, better chance of clearing the case if the criminal is caught. Most importantly the time in which it took to respond to a call was being judged because rapid response had become possible and the community not only required but also expected it. Investigations became a huge part of policing as these technologies were advancing. Policing was becoming more professional as their social services programs declined. Police started using new scientific techniques to follow up criminal investigations as they offered officers better incentives. Many technologies formed in this era were the foundation for much of what is used today. The only thing that has really changed is the way the techniques are applied. The use of directed and targeted patrol has increased; prioritizing calls in an effort to get to more important calls first and case screening to avoid wasting time on cases that were likely not going to be solved. These refinements to the techniques of this era are known as strategic policing. Community Era The Community Policing Era was brought on from The Professional Eras. There was also wide spread concern about the effectiveness and limitations of policing and their behavior due to officers frustrations with battling the same crime over and over (Uknown). In the 1960s the presidents commission on criminal justice is the main foundation in many of today changes found in law enforcement. The crime rate in the 60s had a dramatic increase, thus the government decided it was time to investigate the way the criminal justice system was run and how it could be made better. Cultural diversity and many different changes in the social structures of communities caused traditional policing to be less effective than before. System visionaries and police executives saw the failing system and started working on a plan to make it better. The 1970s new program safe and clean neighborhoods was formed it was intended to improve living conditions. Money was provided to take policemen of their cars and place them on foot patrol. This new program made calls to crimes more difficult, response slower, the work harder. Even though crime rates were not reduced it made citizens feel more at ease as it reduced their fears in these areas (H.Verschaeve, 2004). Within this era to present times new technologies came to surface due to the fact the presidents crime commission found a technology gap. Today this technology plays a huge role in how policing is mandated. Commissioners called for the introduction and establishment of a single telephone number to call the police, with this came the launch of 911 the one number for police and fire departments. Not long after came the computerization age being brought into policing these computer were used to not only for record keeping but also found useful for criminal investigations, crime analysis and budgeting. The most important computer based program after computers introduction of the National Crime Information Center (NCIC), inside the NCIC everything was stored and index from fugitives, missing persons and stolen property. This was practically the first technology used by police for computers during this time. The Automated Fingerprinting Information System (AFIS) was the next essential development in policing efforts; it had a grave disadvantage as other states did not have access to that information. Soon came patrol cars came equipped with their own computers with reporting systems and auto fingerprinting systems. As obstacles were seen during this time they worked to overcome the obstacle of incompatible technologies (Seaskate, 1998) Impact Technology had on Policing Technology has had an impact of making high quality information quickly available. With the capability of being able to collect information they are able to analyze and share data with stakeholders not only inside but also outside of government. Earliest applications included traffic accident files established in 1960s, since then programs for statistics operations and management program planning went underway. The machine that is so complex tool that it helps makes decisions for strategic planning and man to machine interactions. The success of these computers have been favorable. Users routine data processing is so highly structures it has proven to be rather effective and the implementation can be made with ease. However impact of the computer will vary from one department to the next making it difficult to generalize. It is perceivable that the impacts of a different nature are contemplated in structural changes, as direct major organizational shifts are not expected. For example it is perceived that use of computers will continue to result and has resulted in power shifts generally speaking raises in one persons decision making at the expense of another. Trends of this nature that seem to be occurring for example a shift in work activities related to routine and recording tasks, one of the biggest fears of technology is people being replaced by machines. When actually introduction of the computers increased jobs they needed people to carry out the computers data processing work (Colton, 1973). Current Advancements in Technology One of these would be the advancement of DNA evidence DNA can identify criminals with 99.9% accuracy information when biological evidence exists. There are DNA databases where samples of DNA are stored when someone has been convicted of a charge where DNA was involved. This system, called the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS), maintains DNA profiles obtained under the federal, state, and local systems in a set of databases that are available to law enforcement agencies across the country for law enforcement purposes and came into existence in the late 1980s. In order to take advantage of the investigative potential of CODIS, in the late 1980s and early 1990s, states began passing laws requiring offenders convicted of certain offenses to provide DNA samples.   Currently all 50 states and the federal government have laws requiring that DNA samples be collected from some categories of offenders The benefits of this advancement is DNA Is so accurate it can ensue a fairness in the criminal justice it so accurate it can exonerate persons previously charged with a crime they did not commit due to negative matches in DNA (Using DNA to Solve Crimes, 2003). Another advancement in technology is Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) its a surveillance method used for several reasons from electronic tolls to traffic enforcement. The benefits are that it can be used through existing closed circuit television or road rule enforcement cameras and can read licenses plates on vehicles traveling up to 100 mph. The other benefits is that the pictures the camera takes is stored some are configured to even photograph the driver. It is able to take picture anytime of the day by using infrared lighting (Unknown, 2010). Future Roles of Technology Honestly the future of technology is surveillance equipment, what the military and government officials have coming out right now is absolutely astounding but the cross the border of privacy rights. The newest technology I see being implemented is TWS otherwise known as Through the Wall Surveillance, which is so advanced it can detect any slight movement such as breathing through a solid wall. As technology advances new ideas are always forming there are micro chips that can be implanted in people as well as sunglasses that have chips that will scan people as they walk by and will tell you their names and maybe a few lines about them. Other technologies already in effect but not yet widely used is facial recognition. The new biometric technology could be become a mainstream of the technological world but when does it cross the line of privacy? (Unknown, Modern Marvels: Survelliance Technology, 2004) CONCLUSION So you see as each era has gone by not only have the policing changed but also technology changed as well to suit its style. Even though some could have been implemented as early as 30 to 40 years earlier there must have been a reason it was not yet put into place. Even now there are things we can use that are not in place maybe because we are not capable of off setting the expenses, or there is concerns of availability and crossing the lines of privacy. With this new technology unfolding and just on the horizon it makes me also wonder if the policing style will change with it.

Emergency And Disaster Management Essay

There has been an increase in disasters in the world as exhibited in the recent past. Since time immemorial, disasters have been known to occur causing emergency situations in many parts of the world. As a result of disasters, there is loss of life, destruction of properties worth million of shillings, mass displacement of millions of people leading to refuge status, psychological trauma among other issues (Cuny, 1983, p. 29). However, the severity of the above results depends on a country’s disaster preparedness and mitigation measures that have been put in place. The modern world calls for quick response to disasters and various governments have formulated policies on how to deal with disasters and most importantly how to avoid them. Funds have been set aside that caters for any emergency situations that warrant a quick response by all sectors. According to Alexander (2002, p. 20), a disaster is a calamity which can be as a result of humans or can be natural and disposes a high risk to loss of life, deterioration of the health status of the affected, loss and destruction of properties and most at often causes environmental deterioration through loss of habitat and ecological imbalance. Disasters result from a failure to handle a risk factor in the vulnerable environment or people. It is unfortunate, that most disasters with tragic and greater consequences affect the so called developing countries as compared to industrialized nations. Hoffman & Smith (2002, p. 20), notes that greater than 95% of fatal cases as a result of disaster occurs in less industrialized nations. Furthermore, natural disasters account for more than 20 times the losses in developing countries as compared to the industrialized nations. Read more:Â  Role of State Government in Disaster Management Theses observations beg the question; what needs to be done in these developing nations so as to reduce the consequences of disasters. The answer can be found in developing an effective disaster management program to cater for emergencies. This essay focuses on development of a disaster management program specifically for China which is prone to disasters. It will tackle issues to do with hazard analysis, prevention, preparedness, response and the recovery plans in case of a disaster. Frequency and impact of disasters in China China as a country in the far eastern side of the Asian continent is prone to many natural and man-made disasters. In the recent past, it has topped in disaster occurrences in the world with rise in the death toll and destruction of properties. China has an occurrence of six of disasters in the world which are classified as deadly due to their severe consequences. Among this top six disasters, the leading three affected China leading to deaths calculated to be in millions of people (CRED, 2009, para. 4). Historically, the China floods of 1931 had the greatest death toll of over 2 million people followed by the Yellow River floods of 1887 which had a death toll of over 0. 9 million. Thirdly, the Shaanxi earthquake which occurred in 1556 claimed 0. 83 million lives. The frequency of occurrence of disasters in China has hindered both economic and social development of the country due to the resulting consequences. This has posed a challenge to the government of China in its effort to alleviate poverty mostly in the rural populations and in highly populated provinces. Efforts have been put in maintaining a data base for the disaster prone areas by organizations like International Disease Database (EM-DAT) and the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters. This data helps in identifying the most disaster prone areas so as efforts are enhanced to reduce the risks involved therefore mitigating the hazard (CRED, 2009, para. 3-6). China has had an increased risk to occurrence of disasters than any other in the continent of Asia. Recently in August of 2010, China has been affected by landslides that resulted in the death of at least 127 people while thousands were missing and many people had to be evacuated to safer grounds. In this same year hundreds of people were feared dead in the mountainous area of Qinnghai after a 6. 9 earthquake struck the area. The area is inhabited by poor people who are highly prone to this kind of disaster. In 2009, there was also earthquake that killed more than 5000 students. Also, mine blasts were recorded to have caused deaths in this same year (Poyzner, 2010, para. 5). In the year 2008, several earthquakes were reported that caused deaths that amounted to thousands of people. In the same year land slides were reported causing destruction of property and loss of lives. The year 2005 was marked by mine blasts that consumed several lives of mine workers. Virulent outbreaks of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome were recorded which also consumed several lives. As observed from the above data, three major disasters affecting China are Earthquakes, landslides and floods (Ponserre & Hoyois, 2006, para. 2-7). Frequency and impacts of earthquakes, landslides and floods in China According to Young et al. (2007, p. 299), China is one of the countries that experiences very strong intra-continental seismicity that leads to the frequent occurrence of earthquakes in the country. High frequency has been noted in the Northern parts of China which have resulted into deaths of many people in that area. Occurrence of earthquakes in China is always catastrophic with china topping the list of the world’s earthquakes that have caused many loss of life. Since 1976, the Sichuan earthquake tops the list of casualties having caused the death of close to 70,000 people. Since then, the government of the People’s Republic of China took upon itself to come up with an earth quake administration that operated nationally. Among the duties of this institution were to conduct monitoring of occurrence of earthquakes, conduct research in areas that were recorded to be prone or vulnerable especially in the north. Additionally, they had the responsibility of coordinating all emergency efforts in case an earthquake occurred. The institution changed its name after being legally mandated by an Act in their legislative laws. In 1998, it became the China Earthquake Administration that oversees the independent earthquake administrations in the provinces and regions. The well coordinated efforts of this institution have seen quick emergency response to earthquake disasters thus minimizing the number of deaths. Earthquake occurrence in China is high compared to other nations around it. In this year alone, 300 people perished in April as a result of a 2. 9 earthquake. The year 2009 also recorded deaths from earthquakes. The year 2008 will remain remembered by many in China as in the month of May, over 50,000 people perished in southern China. The same quake caused a lot of destruction to infrastructure with 80% of buildings collapsing in one county. Earthquakes have a high occurrence in China with hardly a year passing without any reports of earthquake. Joint efforts are called for in case of emergencies. In China the army is involved in conducting evacuation of the victims, providing medical services to the ailing evacuees, they undertake construction works to open communication and provide temporary shelters to the affected. China has been said to be geologically vulnerable to occurrence of landslides mainly due its topography. Several factors come into play that influences the occurrence of landslides. This includes the climatic conditions mainly targeting on rainfall patterns, the soil type and its qualities and off course the soil covering in the said areas (Reilly, 2010, para. 5). Recently, there have been heavy rains in China which has resulted into a landslide in the hilly areas of Gansu. The landslide that occurred in the second week of August killed at least 127 people and left thousands missing. In addition, thousands of people had to be evacuated to safer grounds to reduce the casualty. In July, still several people were reported missing as a result of a landslide in the southern parts of China. In the year 2009, southern China also experienced a major landslide that caused a lot of destruction to buildings and infrastrures such as roads and bridges. The year 2008 was not left behind, with a landslide that occurred in a mine without an operating license killing 254 people. As indicated above the impacts of these disasters are many with death topping the list, loss of properties and infrastructure and movement of people thus having a percentage of people who are homeless in their own country? Nationally, theses disasters are a hindrance to economic growth and prosperity. They create disharmony in efforts to develop and are time and money consuming which would have been otherwise used somewhere else. Also, they create psychological stress and the people’s productivity is lowered. This has left many in poverty and relying on aid from well wishers and the government. The climatic conditions experienced in China exposes it to flooding. China experiences heavy rains in some seasons in the years causing breaking of river banks and the drainage system. What follows is flood waters everywhere especially in the low lying areas sometimes reaching heights of over one meter. Currently in the month of August, China has experienced heavy summer rains causing flooding and mudslides in the provinces of Gansu and Yunnan. In the recent months alone, floods and landslides have caused the death of more than 1,500 residents who were unlucky and failed to be evacuated. In the months of June and July, more than 4200 people had to be evacuated to safer grounds in a government coordinated rescue mission. A critical observation of flood data points the southern parts of China as the most vulnerable to flooding. China alone tops the world in the top six slots of the most catastrophic floods and landslides to be recorded in history. In the year 1931, the most catastrophic landslide in the world was recorded with deaths ranging from 2-4 million people. This flood also secures the first position as the top natural disaster in history having caused the highest number of loss of lives. Despite China being faced with lots of torrential rains in summer which cause floods, it produces a record grain harvest. However, the yields have been affected by the floods. Apart from deaths caused by floods, they also impact negatively on crop yield by destroying crops in the farming fields. This has led to loss of millions of yuans in the export market and also confounded poverty index in China (Watts, 2010, para. 6). Apart from this, the floods have left millions of the Chinese people who live in the low level farm lands homeless and without a source of livelihood. There have been government efforts to construct levees and also hydroelectric projects from the flood waters. The government has involved planners in developing projects that will see water being diversified into regions that receive less rainfall in the northern parts of the country. This will enable the excess water to be channeled to the arid regions. This will serve two purposes of controlling floods and trying to improve the agricultural activities in the north. Differences in frequencies and impacts of disasters The northern part of China has a diffuse zone which is prone to seismic activities as compared to other parts of China or even other countries. The plate tectonics theory as is known by geologists helps in understanding seismic actions in China. There are tectonic movements due to the influence of the Indo-Asian collision due to motions in the crust in the continental China. There is gravitational movement leading to spreading of the tectonic plates which has a major influence in the deformation of the crust in much of Asia. The northern China block experiences higher seismicity than the southern parts due to high stress forces in the northern plates. The south China lacks this stress forces and moves together as one block hence reduced or no seismic activity. Research has also shown that, as a result of previous seismic activity, an area is left prone to occurrences of similar stresses and seismic activity (Yang, 2007, p. 3). This explains the frequency of occurrence of tectonic earthquakes in the northern parts unlike in other areas of the continental Asia. China as indicated above has been faced by many catastrophic floods that have resulted into many losses. There are many causes of floods which lead to China being more vulnerable to them in comparison to other nations. First and foremost, China experiences heavy torrential rains in summer most in the southern parts of the country. The rains come in flashes which often supersedes the holding capacity of China’s drainage system. Most of the rivers in the affected areas break their banks leading to water spreading in the low lying areas which are mainly inhabited by the farmers. This causes havoc to their crops and their dwellings. In its efforts to industrialization, China has many factories and motor vehicles in their roads (Hilhorst, Dijkzeul & Herman, 2010, p. 122) This has led to pollution of the air and hence the ozone layer is destroyed. As a result global warming is accelerated and this has led to snowmelt in spring and the water going into the sea. The rise in sea level consequently causes a rise in the river levels which then breaks and cause flooding. The relief of China also hastens flooding. In the lowlands, the rivers will flow much slowly and any change in the water volume will cause flooding in the low lying areas. China borders the ocean in a very large area unlike other countries. The coastal areas experiences high tides and heavy storms that leads to rise in the sea level. If the level surpasses the level of the low lands at the coast, flooding occurs in these areas. In addition, the high population in China also may exacerbate the problem of flooding. The high population needs life necessities like food and shelter. As a result, they cultivate and inhabit the low lying areas which are prone to flooding. Their uncontrolled cultivation of the land will lead to soil erosion and the land cover is destroyed. The land is therefore left bare and with increased risks of floods during heavy rains. Many forces do interplay to hold the land surfaces together. The force of critical importance is friction which holds the various layers of the soil in a compact nature. Any interruption to this force of friction causes a slippery motion and results in landslides. Gravity plays the key factor in causation of landslides. If at any time the force of gravity supersedes the force of friction, a landslide will occur. Water is the common trigger of landslide since the sippage of water into the ground causes reduction of friction that exists between the bedrock and the upper sediment layers of soil. When this happens, debris of soil is sent downhill. Due to the torrential rainfall in China, landslides are imminent especially in the sloppy areas. China experiences a high frequency of earthquakes as compared to any other country. Consequently, the seismic waves cause vibration in the earth’s surface which upsets the existing frictional forces and causes landslides (Helmer & Hilhorst, 2006, p. 106). Landslides are therefore common in earthquake regions as well as areas prone to flooding. Volcanic eruptions have also been shown to result in landslides in areas that have recently experienced volcanic activity. In addition, human activities like blasting during mining process and vibrations as a result of heavy traffic also cause earthquakes. China has had its citizens lose their lives as a result of mine blasting activities as the mines collapse burying the miners alive. China has had its exceptional share of these disasters as a result of these predisposing factors. Conclusion In conclusion, disasters have continued affecting many parts of this world. Despite the preparations that are put in place a lot deserves to be enhanced to minimize the tendency of occurrence of disasters. While some natural disasters are inevitable as they are beyond human control, mitigational measures should be enhanced to take care of the rise in these cases. China tops the list of most fatal disasters that have been recorded in historical times. The top three have been the frequent earthquakes in the northern parts, deadly floods in the low lying areas which have brought havoc to the people inhabiting these areas and finally the landslides which also have caused destruction of property. With these disasters occurring frequently in china, the government has had to come up with an authority that is concerned with disaster management. It has a well established system of disaster mitigation which tends to prevent the disposing hazards turning into disasters. Secondly, they have preparedness measures that involve enhancing their capabilities to fight disasters. They also do have a well developed disaster response system (Harrald, 2006, p. 256). Finally, recovery measures are enhanced to return into normalcy. Whatever they do all efforts must be directed towards saving lives. References Alexander, D. (2002). Principles of Emergency planning and Management. Harpended: Terra publishing. CRED (2009). The International Disaster Database: EM-DAT. Retrieved 18/08/2010 from: http://www. unisdr. org/disaster-statistics/impact-killed. htm Cuny, F. (1983). Disasters and Development. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Harrald, J. (2006). Agility and Discipline: Critical Success Factors for Disaster Response. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 604, 256. Helmer, M. & Hilhorst, D. (2006). Natural Disasters and Climate Change. Disasters, 30 (3), 100- 107 Hilhorst, D, Dijkzeul, D. & Herman, J. (2010). Social Dynamics of Humanitarian Action. Disasters, 34 (3), 120-125. Hoffman. S. & Smith, A. (2002). Catastrophe and Culture: The Anthropology of Disaster. Santa Fe NM: School of American Research Press. Ponserre, S. & Hoyois, P. (2006). Disaster statistics 1991-2005. Internationa; Strategy for Disaster Reduction. Retrieved 18/08/2010 from: http://www. unisdr. org/disaster-statistics/introduction. htm Poyzner, M. (2010). China, Disasters Timeline. Retrieved 18/08/2010 from: http://www. mapreport. com/subtopics/d/countries/china. html Reilly, M. (2010). China’s Giant Landslide: Natural or Man-made Disaster? Discovery News. Retrieved 18/08/2010 from: http://news. discovery. com/earth/chinas-giant-landslide-natural-or-man-made-disaster. html Watts, J. (2010). China Devastated by Floods. Guardian News and Media Limited. Retrieved 18/08/2010 from: http://www. guardian. co. uk/world/2010/jun/20/china-devastated-floods Yang, M. et al. (2007), Active Tectonics and Intracontinental Earthquakes in China: The Kinematics and Geodynamics. The Geology Society of America, 20 (5), 299-306.

Internship Report Format - 1188 Words

Internship Report Format 1. Title Page One original title page, prepared in the same format as the Sample Internship title is given at the end. Page submitted with the original signatures of Program coordinator. The date on the title page will depend on the semester you will receive your degree. 2. Acknowledgements If you wish, you may include a page with a brief note of dedication or acknowledgment of help received from particular persons. 3. Table of Contents The contents page should clearly and accurately index the page numbers of the various sections of the dissertation. Spelling of headings should be accurate (an aspect often missed by students). 4. A Brief Executive Summary of the Internship Executive summary must be†¦show more content†¦during last 5 years 5.2.4 Product/service lines 5.2.5 PESTL analysis 5.2.6 Contribution of organization toward economic development 5.3 Organizational structure 5.3.1 Organizational Hierarchy chart 5.3.2 Number of employees 5.3.3 Main offices 5.3.4 Introduction of all departments 5.3.5 Comments on the organizational structure Part-II 5.4 Internee work This is the main assessment area of your report. You should present the activities performed during the internship period. 5.4.1 Brief Introduction of internee’s office/branch: A brief introduction of the branch where you did your internship Starting and ending dates of your internship. 5.4.2 Details of Supervisors: Who is your supervisor include his/her name and his/her position 5.4.3 Weekly timetables: A weekly timetable where each row in the table corresponding to a day in internship period. 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Essay on Views and Definitions of Multiculturalism

INTRODUCTION: There are different views and definition of multiculturalism; the definition of multiculturalism depends on the context in which it is used. In sociology, multiculturalism is the idea that various cultures exist in a society and all these cultures deserve equal treatment (Macionis, 2010). Sociologists believe that members of different cultures can live peacefully alongside each other and assimilation is not necessary. This essay will focus on both the positive aspects and the main tensions that arise in a multicultural society. SAMPLE BACKGROUND – HISTORY OF MULTICULTURALISM IN BRITAIN Britain today has many people with different ethnic backgrounds from various countries. The history of multiculturalism began during the†¦show more content†¦POSITIVE ASPECTS The diversity of cultures has played a significant role in shaping the cultural landscape. When people live together in a community, communication is unavoidable and communication involves sharing ideas and perspectives, creating a body of collectively acceptable principles and policies, therefore, leading to a more innovative, creative and prosperous society. According to professor Bhikhu Parekh (2006), multiculturalism is â€Å"about intercultural fusion in which a culture borrows bits of others and creatively transforms both itself and them. One culture might be influenced by the beliefs and practices of another, so they borrow what they find valuable and enrich and broaden it, and this helps to build common bonds between the two cultures. The various skills or ideas obtained from another group can be used in various areas of life: Communities educate each other, provided that none is too overbearing and self righteous to welcome criticism. 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